Autoimmune Hepatitis : 

Autoimmune hepatitis is liver inflammation that occurs when your body's immune system turns against liver cells. The exact cause of autoimmune hepatitis is unclear, but genetic and environmental factors appear to interact over time in triggering the disease.

Untreated autoimmune hepatitis can lead to scarring of the liver (cirrhosis) and eventually to liver failure. When diagnosed and treated early, however, autoimmune hepatitis often can be controlled with drugs that suppress the immune system.

A liver transplant may be an option when autoimmune hepatitis doesn't respond to drug treatments or in cases of advanced liver disease.

Symptoms : 

Signs and symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis vary from person to person and may come on suddenly. Some people have few, if any, recognized problems in the early stages of the disease, whereas others experience signs and symptoms that may include

• Fatigue
• Abdominal discomfort
• Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice)
• An enlarged liver
• Abnormal blood vessels on the skin (spider angiomas)
• Skin rashes
• Joint pains
• Loss of menstrual periods

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#Ulcers can also occur in part of the #intestine just beyond the stomach. These are known as #duodenal ulcers.

Signs and symptoms

The most common symptom of a stomach ulcer is a burning or gnawing pain in the centre of the tummy (abdomen).

But stomach ulcers aren't always painful and some people may experience other symptoms, such as indigestion, heartburn and feeling sick.

Read more about the symptoms of a stomach ulcer and diagnosing a stomach ulcer.

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#Immunization #liver 
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#Hepatitis refers to an #inflammatory condition of the liver. It’s commonly caused by a #viral infection, but there are other possible causes of hepatitis. These include #autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis that occurs as a secondary result of #medications, #drugs, #toxins, and alcohol
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Gastrointestinal diseases refer to diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, namely the #esophagus, #stomach, small intestine, large intestine and #rectum, and the accessory organs of digestion, the #liver, #gallbladder, and #pancreas
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Barrett's esophagus:

In Barrett's esophagus, tissue in the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus) is replaced by tissue similar to the intestinal lining.

Barrett's esophagus is often diagnosed in people who have long-term gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) — a chronic regurgitation of acid from the stomach into the lower esophagus. Only a small percentage of people with GERD will develop Barrett's esophagus.

Barrett's esophagus is associated with an increased risk of developing esophageal cancer. Although the risk is small, it's important to have regular checkups for precancerous cells (dysplasia). If precancerous cells are discovered, they can be treated to prevent esophageal cancer.

Symptoms

The tissue changes that characterize Barrett's esophagus cause no symptoms. The signs and symptoms that you experience are generally due to GERD and may include:

• Frequent heartburn
• Difficulty swallowing food
• Less commonly, chest pain

Many people with Barrett's esophagus have no signs or symptoms.

#Gastroenterology #Hepatology #Bowel
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Ulcerative colitis : 

Ulcerative colitis (UL-sur-uh-tiv koe-LIE-tis) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes long-lasting inflammation and ulcers (sores) in your digestive tract. Ulcerative colitis affects the innermost lining of your large intestine (colon) and rectum. Symptoms usually develop over time, rather than suddenly.

Ulcerative colitis can be debilitating and can sometimes lead to life-threatening complications. While it has no known cure, treatment can greatly reduce signs and symptoms of the disease and even bring about long-term remission.

Symptoms

Ulcerative colitis symptoms can vary, depending on the severity of inflammation and where it occurs. Signs and symptoms may include:

• Diarrhea, often with blood or pus
• Abdominal pain and cramping
• Rectal pain
• Rectal bleeding — passing small amount of blood with stool
• Urgency to defecate
• Inability to defecate despite urgency
• Weight loss
• Fatigue
• Fever
• In children, failure to grow

Causes

The exact cause of ulcerative colitis remains unknown. Previously, diet and stress were suspected, but now doctors know that these factors may aggravate but don't cause ulcerative colitis.

One possible cause is an immune system malfunction. When your immune system tries to fight off an invading virus or bacterium, an abnormal immune response causes the immune system to attack the cells in the digestive tract, too.

Heredity also seems to play a role in that ulcerative colitis is more common in people who have family members with the disease. However, most people with ulcerative colitis don't have this family history.

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