Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)

         It is the inability to properly digest food due to a lack of digestive enzymes made by               the pancreas. EPI is found in humans afflicted with cystic fibrosis and Shwachman–              Diamond syndrome

         What are the symptoms of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

• Frequent diarrhea. EPI can cause problems with undigested food moving too quickly through the digestive tract.
• Gas and bloating. ...
• Stomach pain. ...
• Foul-smelling, greasy stools (steatorrhea) ...
• Weight loss.
  
  How do you test for pancreatic insufficiency?

1. Fecal elastase test. This test measures the amount of elastase, an enzyme produced by the pancreas, in your stool. ...
2. Fecal fat test. This test checks the amount of fat in your stool. ...
3. Direct pancreatic function test.

Symptoms and Signs :

• anemia (Vitamin B12, iron, folate deficiency)
• bleeding disorders (Vitamin K malabsorption)
• edema (hypoalbuminemia)
• fatigue
• flatulence and abdominal distention (bacterial fermentation of unabsorbed food)
• hypocalcemia
• metabolic bone disease (Vitamin D deficiency)
• neurologic manifestation
• steatorrhea
• weight loss

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Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults, and is the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis.

It occurs in the setting of chronic liver inflammation, and is most closely linked to chronic viral hepatitis infection (hepatitis B or C) or exposure to toxins such as alcohol or aflatoxin. Certain diseases, such as hemochromatosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, markedly increase the risk of developing HCC. Metabolic syndrome and NASH are also increasingly recognized as risk factors for HCC.

As with any cancer, the treatment and prognosis of HCC vary depending on the specifics of tumor histology, size, how far the cancer has spread, and overall health.

The vast majority of HCC occurs in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, in countries where hepatitis B infection is endemic and many are infected from birth. The incidence of HCC in the United States and other developing countries is increasing due to an increase in hepatitis C virus infections. It is more common in males than females for unknown reasons

Most cases of HCC occur in people who already have signs and symptoms of chronic liver disease. They may present either with worsening of symptoms or may be without symptoms at the time of cancer detection. HCC may directly present with yellow skin, abdominal swelling due to fluid in the abdominal cavity, easy bruising from blood clotting abnormalities, loss of appetite, unintentional weight loss, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or feeling tired

Diagnosis:
Methods of diagnosis in HCC have evolved with the improvement in medical imaging. The evaluation of both asymptomatic patients and those with symptoms of liver disease involves blood testing and imaging evaluation.

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Recent Advancement in Gastroenterology 

Endoscopic Ultrasound Stomach Liver, Gut, pancreas 
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a minimally invasive procedure to assess digestive (gastrointestinal) and lung diseases. A special endoscope uses high-frequency sound waves to produce detailed images of the lining and walls of your digestive tract and chest, nearby organs such as the #pancreas and liver, and lymph nodes.

    How long does it take to do an endoscopic ultrasound?

Because the pancreas sits next to the stomach and small intestine, EUS allows the physician to get very detailed images of the pancreas. This procedure is typically performed in an outpatient setting, and usually takes between 20 and 45 minutes.

What is the difference between an endoscopy and an endoscopic ultrasound?

An endoscopic ultrasound is a lot different than an endoscopy, even though they sound the same. An endoscopic ultrasound is inserted with a flexible tube down the esophagus with an ultrasound attached. ... The difference in this and anendoscopy, is the ultrasound uses sound waves to capture the images

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A gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a type of tumor that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly in the stomach or small intestine. The tumors are thought to grow from specialized cells found in the gastrointestinal tract called interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) or precursors to these cells. GISTs are usually found in adults between ages 40 and 70; rarely, children and young adults develop these tumors. The tumors can be cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign).

Small tumors may cause no signs or symptoms. However, some people with GISTs may experience pain or swelling in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, or weight loss. Sometimes, tumors cause bleeding, which may lead to low red blood cell counts (anemia) and, consequently, weakness and tiredness. Bleeding into the intestinal tract may cause black and tarry stools, and bleeding into the throat or stomach may cause vomiting of blood.

Is gist cancer curable?

In nearly all patients, there is no apparent reason why GIST has developed. ... In fact, patients with metastatic GIST treated with imatinib mesylate now have a 2 year survival of about 80% from the time of metastasis. The prognosis of a patient with primary GIST depends on tumor size, location, and cellular division.

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Pancreatitis is inflammation in the pancreas. The pancreas is a long, flat gland that sits tucked behind the stomach in the upper abdomen. The pancreas produces enzymes that help digestion and hormones that help regulate the way your body processes sugar (glucose).

Pancreatitis can occur as acute pancreatitis — meaning it appears suddenly and lasts for days. Or pancreatitis can occur as chronic pancreatitis, which is pancreatitis that occurs over many years.

Mild cases of pancreatitis may go away without treatment, but severe cases can cause life-threatening complications.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of pancreatitis may vary, depending on which type you experience.

Acute pancreatitis signs and symptoms include:

• Upper abdominal pain
• Abdominal pain that radiates to your back
• Abdominal pain that feels worse after eating
• Fever
• Rapid pulse
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Tenderness when touching the abdomen

Chronic pancreatitis signs and symptoms include:

• Upper abdominal pain
• Losing weight without trying
• Oily, smelly stools (steatorrhea)

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Laparoscopic Pancreatic Surgery pancreatectomy Gastroenterology HepatologyHPB stands for Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery - meaning surgery of the liver, pancreas and biliary system. HPB surgeons help to diagnose and treat patients with conditions such as liver cancer (primary or secondary), #pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, bile duct cancer and gallstones

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Viralinfection
Cholestatichepatitis
Viral infection: Infection caused by the presence of a virus in the body. Depending on the virus and the person’s state of health, various viruses can infect almost any type of body tissue, from the brain to the skin. Viral infections cannot be treated with typical antibiotics (antibacterial antibiotics); in fact, in some cases the use of antibacterial antibiotics may cause side-effects that complicate the viral infection. The vast majority of human viral infections can be effectively fought by the body’s own immune system, with a little help in the form of proper diet, hydration, and rest. As for the rest, treatment depends on the type and location of the virus, and may include anti-viral antibiotics or other drugs.
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ClinicalGastro2018 Gastroenterology Hepatology 
Call for abstract, Limited Slots available 
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October 17-18, 2018 | Rome, Italy

Gastroenterology and Nutrition 
Spirulina, SCP 

Call for abstract, Group participation available
As an ecologically sound, nutrient-rich, dietary supplement, spirulina is being investigated to address food security and malnutrition, and as dietary support in long-term space flight or Mars missions. Its interest for food security is for lower land and water needs to produce protein and energy than required for livestock as meat sources 

Spirulina represents a biomass of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) that can be consumed by humans and other animals. The two species are Arthrospira platensis and A. maxima.

Cultivated worldwide, Arthrospira is used as a dietary supplement or whole food.It is also used as a feed supplement in the aquaculture, aquarium, and poultry industries

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Clinical Gastro 2018!!

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults, and is the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis

It occurs in the setting of chronic liver inflammation, and is most closely linked to chronic viral hepatitis infection (hepatitis B or C) or exposure to toxins such as alcohol or aflatoxin. Certain diseases, such as hemochromatosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, markedly increase the risk of developing HCC. Metabolic syndrome and NASH are also increasingly recognized as risk factors for HCC

As with any cancer, the treatment and prognosis of HCC vary depending on the specifics of tumor histology, size, how far the cancer has spread, and overall health.

Signs and symptoms

Most cases of HCC occur in people who already have signs and symptoms of chronic liver disease. They may present either with worsening of symptoms or may be without symptoms at the time of cancer detection. HCC may directly present with yellow skin, abdominal swelling due to fluid in the abdominal cavity, easy bruising from blood clotting abnormalities, loss of appetite, unintentional weight loss, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or feeling tired

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Gastrointestinal diseases refer to diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract,
Some different types of gastrointestinal disease are as, 

• 
  
  Oral disease : Even though anatomically part of the GI tract, diseases of the mouth are often not considered alongside other gastrointestinal diseases. By far the most common oral conditions are plaque-induced diseases 
• 
  Esophageal disease : Esophageal diseases include a spectrum of disorders affecting the esophagus. The most common condition of the esophagus in Western countries is gastrointestinal reflex disease, which in chronic forms is thought to result in changes to the epithelium of the esophagus, known as Barrett's esophagus.
• 
  Gastric disease : Gastric diseases refer to diseases affecting the stomach. Inflammation of the stomach by infection from any cause is called gastritis, and when including other parts of the gastrointestinal tract called gastroenteritis.
  When gastritis persists in a chronic state, it is associated with several diseases, including atrophic gastritis, pyloric stenosis, and gastric cancer. Another common condition is gastric ulceration, peptic ulcers. Ulceration erodes the gastric mucosa, which protects the tissue of the stomach from the stomach acids. Peptic ulcers are most commonly caused by a bacterial Helicobacter pylori infection
• 
  

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Rome is all set for ClinicalGastro2018 
Join us with the peers at "Clinical Gastro 2018" scheduled during October 17-18, 2018 .
Meet the experts, scientist, Youngresearchers by presenting your research work as Oral / Poster presentation / Group participation 
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Submit your abstract : https://bit.ly/2Lm1yBd

Clinical Gastroenterology Hepatology

Call for abstract | Speaker slot's | Poster presentation | Group participation slot's available

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